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A term Hellenistic (from either '''' Héllēn'', a Greeks' word for themselves) was established by the German historian Johann Gustav Droysen to refer to the shift from the culture dominated by ethnic Greeks to a culture dominated by Greek-speakers of various ethnicities, and from either a political dominance of the city-state to that of larger monarchies. In that period of time a traditional Greek culture was changed by hard Eastern influences, especially Persian, in aspects of religion & government. Ethnic centers shifted out of mainland Greece, to Pergamon, Rhodes, Antioch and Alexandria. Modern historiographer understand a dying of Alexander the Great in 323 BC as the beginning of the Hellenistic time. Alexander & a Macedonians conquered the eastern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, and a Iranian plateau, and invaded India. Ensuing Alexander's demise, there was a struggle for the succession, called the wars of the Diadochi (Greek for successors). These ended inside 281 BC with the establishment of quatern big territorial states:
His successors held in to the territory west of the Tigris for some period & controlled a eastern Mediterranean until a Roman Republic took control in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. Virtually all of the east was sooner or later overrun per Parthians, but Hellenistic culture held within in distant locations, such as a Greco-Bactrian kingdom in Bactria, or a Indo-Greek kingdom in northern India, or a Cimmerian Bosporus.
It must besides become added that Hellenism manufactured considerable inroads likewise inside monarchies governed by kings of Persian or even Thracian origin, when was a pack using Bithynia, Cappadocia and Pontus.
A prevent of the Hellenistic period of time is typically seen when 31 BC, when a power of Ptolemaic Egypt was smashed by a Romans at the Battle of Actium. Shortly thenceforth, a independence of a Ptolemies was at an prevent by using the suicide of Cleopatra and the annexation of Egypt by Caesar Augustus.
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